What causes the damage commonly referred to as "moth eaten" in clothing?

The damage known as "moth eaten" in clothing is primarily caused by the larvae of moths, specifically the clothes moths, which are the immature stage of the adult moths. When these larvae hatch from eggs, they begin to feed on natural fibers found in fabrics such as wool, silk, and cotton. This feeding behavior is what creates the characteristic holes and frayed edges typically associated with moth damage.

Larvae are drawn to these materials because they contain keratin, a protein that is a primary constituent of many natural fibers. As the larvae consume the fabric, they leave behind patches of damage that resemble small holes, giving the appearance of being “eaten” by moths.

In contrast, adult moths do not feed on fabric; rather, their primary role is to reproduce and lay eggs. Insect eggs contribute to the lifecycle but do not directly cause the damage. Moth pheromones are chemical substances used for communication, particularly for mating purposes, and have no direct connection to the damage caused to clothing. Understanding the role of the larvae in this context highlights the importance of addressing pest control practices to prevent such damage.